Mouth Ulcers: Types, Causes, and Treatment

Mouth ulcers are small, painful sores that form inside the mouth. Also known as canker sores, they are quite common and can affect people of all ages. While most mouth ulcers are harmless and heal on their own, some may need medical attention, especially if they are large, persistent, or keep coming back.

This blog will explore the different types of mouth ulcers, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options. We’ll also examine how to prevent them and when they might indicate an underlying issue.

What Are Mouth Ulcers?

Mouth ulcers are open sores that develop inside the mouth. They may appear on the inner cheeks, lips, tongue, gums, or the roof of the mouth. These ulcers usually have a white, yellow, or grey centre surrounded by a red border.

They are not contagious and often heal on their own within 1 to 2 weeks. However, the pain can be uncomfortable and may make eating, drinking, or speaking difficult.

Mouth Ulcers vs. Other Mouth Sores

It’s important to know that not all mouth sores are ulcers. There are many mouth sores that can occur due to infection, allergies, or systemic health conditions. Here are some common types of mouth sores besides ulcers:

• Oral lichen planus: A condition where white, lacy patches appear inside the mouth due to an immune system issue.
• Leukoplakia: Thick white or grey patches that may develop from tobacco use or irritation.
• Erythroplakia: Bright red patches in the mouth, often associated with smoking or alcohol use.
• Oral thrush: A fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of yeast, leading to white patches inside the mouth.
• Oral Cancer: Persistent ulcers or patches that don’t heal and may spread.

If you notice a sore that lasts more than three weeks or looks different from previous ulcers, it’s important to get it checked by a doctor.

Types of Mouth Ulcers

There are different types of mouth ulcers, and each type has its own features. The most common type is the aphthous ulcer, often called a canker sore. These are not linked to any infection and are not contagious. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the different types of mouth ulcers:

Minor Ulcers

• Small in size (less than 5mm)
• Heals within 1 to 2 weeks
• Leaves no scar
• These are the most common types of mouth ulcers

Major Ulcers

• Larger in size (10mm or more)
• Deeper and more painful than minor ulcers
• They can take up to 10 weeks to heal
• These may leave a scar

Herpetiform Ulcers

• They are less common
• They appear in clusters of small sores
• May merge into one large ulcer
• They usually take 1 to 2 weeks to heal

Understanding the type of ulcer can help you choose the right mouth ulcer treatment.

Mouth Ulcer Causes

The exact causes of mouth ulcers are often unknown. However, several factors can trigger them:

• Subconscious mistakes like biting inside your cheek, bruises from rough brushing, or minor injuries caused due to braces or dentures.
• Having spicy, salty, or acidic foods may lead to ulcers.
• Allergic reactions to toothpaste or mouthwash ingredients can also cause mouth ulcers.

Sometimes, ulcers may be a sign of an underlying health issue:

• Celiac disease: It is a digestive condition triggered by gluten.
• Crohn’s disease: It is a type of inflammatory bowel disease.
• Behçet’s disease: It is a rare autoimmune disorder.

Identifying the reason for mouth ulcers is key to preventing future outbreaks.

Mouth Ulcers Symptoms

Typical mouth ulcer symptoms include:

• A round or oval sore inside the mouth
• White, yellow, or grey centre with a red edge
• Pain or discomfort, especially while eating or drinking
• Swelling or redness around the sore
• A burning or tingling feeling before the ulcer appears
• Irritation from spicy or acidic foods

If your sore is large, painful, lasts more than two weeks, or is bleeding due to irritation, consult a doctor immediately.

Mouth Ulcers Treatment Options

While browsing online, you might come across various ways to treat mouth ulcers at home. While some mouth sores remedies can offer relief, it’s always best to check with your family doctor before trying them. Your doctor knows your medical history and what works best for your body. Self-treating without proper guidance might not only delay healing but could even make the condition worse. It’s okay to seek comfort, but make sure your care is guided by medical expertise.

If the ulcers last more than two weeks or your pain or discomfort increases with time, visit a doctor or head on to the best dental hospital in Bangalore or the city you reside in as soon as possible. 

Are Persistent Mouth Ulcers Oral Cancer?

It’s natural to be concerned when a mouth ulcer doesn’t go away. While most mouth ulcers heal on their own within 1–2 weeks, if yours lasts longer, becomes increasingly painful, or appears as a red or white patch or a thick, hardened area on the tongue, cheeks, or gums—it could be a sign of something more serious, such as oral cancer.

However, it’s important not to jump to conclusions. These symptoms can be linked to other conditions too. The only way to know is to consult a qualified doctor who can evaluate your symptoms properly and guide you toward the right treatment. Avoid assuming or self-diagnosing.

How to Prevent Mouth Ulcers

There’s no guaranteed way to prevent mouth ulcers completely, but the good news is that a few simple changes in your daily routine can reduce your chances of developing them.

• Maintain good oral hygiene. Brush and floss daily.
• Use a soft toothbrush to avoid irritating the gums and cheeks.
• Avoid trigger foods, especially if you know certain foods cause problems.

Final Thoughts

Mouth ulcers are common and usually not a cause for concern. Most heal on their own within a couple of weeks. However, understanding their types, causes, and symptoms helps you treat them faster and know when to seek medical care.

If you experience recurring or unusually large sores, or if they don’t heal, it’s best to consult a doctor. In rare cases, persistent sores can point to serious conditions like Oral Cancer, and early detection is key.

Taking care of your oral health, eating a healthy diet, and avoiding known triggers are the best ways to prevent mouth ulcers and stay pain-free.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does ice help with mouth ulcers? 

Yes, ice can numb the area and reduce inflammation, offering temporary relief. 

Which drinks help soothe mouth ulcers? 

Chamomile tea, coconut milk, and diluted apple cider vinegar can soothe and heal ulcers due to their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. 

How can I heal a mouth ulcer quickly? 

To speed up healing, you can use saltwater rinses, apply topical gels like benzocaine or steroids, and avoid spicy or acidic foods. 

Is it safe to apply salt directly to a mouth ulcer? 

No, direct salt can cause pain and irritation. Instead, rinse with warm salt water for relief. 

Need help with persistent mouth sores?

Book an appointment with our dentists in Bangalore for personalised care and expert treatment today.