Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Types, Symptoms & Treatment

Soft tissue sarcoma is a rare but serious form of cancer that develops in the body’s connective tissues, including muscles, fat, nerves, blood vessels, and tendons. Because it can arise almost anywhere in the body, from the arms and legs to the abdomen, it is often difficult to detect in the early stages. Understanding soft tissue sarcoma types, symptoms, causes, prevention, and treatment is essential for timely diagnosis and better patient outcomes.

Understanding Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) refers to a group of cancers that develop in soft tissues connecting, supporting, or surrounding other body structures. These cancers are relatively rare, accounting for less than 1% of all adult cancers, but they are more common in children and adolescents.

Soft Tissue Sarcoma Types

There are more than 50 recognised subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma, each behaving differently. The most common types include:

• Liposarcoma – Arises in fat cells.
• Leiomyosarcoma – Develops in smooth muscle tissue.
• Rhabdomyosarcoma – Often seen in children, begins in skeletal muscles.
• Angiosarcoma – Originates in blood or lymph vessels.
• Synovial sarcoma – Usually develops near joints.
• Fibrosarcoma – Starts in fibrous tissues that connect muscles and bones.

Understanding the subtype is vital, as treatment strategies may differ depending on the sarcoma’s location, aggressiveness, and stage.

Soft Tissue Sarcoma Symptoms

Early soft tissue sarcoma symptoms are often subtle, which makes the condition difficult to detect in its initial stages. Some of the most common signs include:

• Painless lump or swelling – Usually in the arms, legs, or abdomen.
• Pain or soreness – May develop if the tumor presses against nerves, muscles, or blood vessels.
• Restricted movement – A tumor near a joint may cause stiffness or difficulty in mobility.
• Unexplained weight loss or fatigue – Seen in more advanced stages.
• Numbness or tingling – If the tumour affects nearby nerves.

It’s important to note that not all lumps are cancerous, but any persistent or growing swelling should be evaluated by a specialist.

Soft Tissue Sarcoma Causes

The exact causes of soft tissue sarcoma are not fully understood, but several risk factors are known to increase the likelihood of developing the disease:

• Genetic mutations – Certain inherited syndromes (like Li-Fraumeni syndrome) increase risk.
• Radiation exposure – Prior radiation therapy for other cancers may trigger sarcoma years later.
• Chemical exposure – Prolonged exposure to industrial chemicals like vinyl chloride or dioxins.
• Weakened immune system – Conditions that suppress immunity can make individuals more vulnerable.
• Family history – Although rare, having close relatives with sarcoma may increase risk.

Soft Tissue Sarcoma Prevention

Since the exact cause is unknown, there is no guaranteed way to prevent soft tissue sarcoma. However, steps can be taken to reduce risk:

• Avoid unnecessary radiation exposure – Only undergo radiation therapy when medically necessary.
• Follow occupational safety measures – Limit contact with harmful industrial chemicals.
• Genetic counselling – Families with a history of inherited cancer syndromes may benefit from regular check-ups.
• Routine medical check-ups – Early detection improves treatment outcomes, especially for high-risk individuals.

Soft Tissue Sarcoma Treatment

Effective soft tissue sarcoma treatment depends on factors such as the tumour’s size, location, stage, and type. At SPARSH Hospitals, our oncology team develops personalised treatment plans that may include:

• Surgery – The primary treatment for most sarcomas. Surgeons aim to remove the tumour with clear margins while preserving function.
• Radiation therapy – Used before or after surgery to shrink tumours and reduce recurrence risk.
• Chemotherapy – Often recommended for aggressive or advanced sarcomas.
• Targeted therapy – Drugs that attack cancer-specific genes or proteins.
• Immunotherapy – Boosts the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells.

At SPARSH, our multidisciplinary approach combines advanced surgical techniques with cutting-edge therapies to maximise recovery and minimise complications.

Musculoskeletal Oncology at SPARSH Hospitals

Soft tissue sarcoma often affects bones, muscles, and connective tissues, requiring specialised care. This is where Musculoskeletal Oncology plays a critical role. Our expert oncologists and orthopaedic surgeons work together to:

• Accurately diagnose sarcoma subtypes.
• Perform limb-sparing surgeries to avoid amputation whenever possible.
• Provide reconstructive surgery to restore functionality.
• Ensure comprehensive rehabilitation for long-term recovery.

This integrated approach makes SPARSH one of the leading centres for musculoskeletal oncology in India.

Why Choose SPARSH Hospitals?

Choosing the right cancer hospital can make all the difference in treatment outcomes. SPARSH Hospitals is widely recognised as one of the best cancer hospitals in Bangalore because of:

• Expert oncologists – Access to some of the best oncologists in Bangalore with specialised experience in sarcoma care.
• State-of-the-art facilities – Advanced imaging, surgical, and radiation technology.
• Personalised treatment plans – Tailored to each patient’s type and stage of sarcoma.
• Holistic care – Psychological support, physiotherapy, and nutritional guidance for patients and families.

When to See a Doctor?

Consult a specialist if you notice:

• A lump that is growing or painful.
• Swelling that persists beyond a few weeks.
• Restricted movement or nerve-related symptoms.
• Unexplained weight loss or fatigue.

Early consultation with a sarcoma specialist improves the chances of successful treatment and long-term recovery.

Conclusion

Soft tissue sarcoma is a rare but serious cancer that requires timely diagnosis and specialised care. By understanding soft tissue sarcoma types, symptoms, causes, prevention, and treatment, patients can take proactive steps toward better outcomes. At SPARSH Hospitals, our Musculoskeletal Oncology team combines advanced technology, surgical expertise, and compassionate care, making us one of the best cancer hospitals in Bangalore. With access to some of the best oncologists in Bangalore, patients receive comprehensive support throughout their cancer journey.

If you or a loved one notices unusual lumps or persistent symptoms, seek expert advice immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment can save lives and restore quality of life.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the early symptoms of soft tissue sarcoma?

Early signs often include a painless lump or swelling in the arms, legs, or abdomen. As it grows, it may cause pain, restricted movement, or nerve-related symptoms.

What are the main causes of soft tissue sarcoma?

While the exact causes are unknown, genetic mutations, prior radiation exposure, chemical exposure, and family history are linked to a higher risk.

How is soft tissue sarcoma treated?

Treatment typically involves surgery, supported by radiation, chemotherapy, or targeted therapies, depending on the tumour type and stage.

Can soft tissue sarcoma be prevented?

There is no guaranteed prevention, but avoiding radiation exposure, limiting contact with harmful chemicals, and undergoing regular check-ups can help lower risk.