Swollen Lymph Nodes: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment | SPARSH Hospital

Published in : Internal Medicine | July 29, 2025 |

Swollen Lymph Nodes: Symptoms, Causes, and More

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Swollen lymph nodes are a common symptom that many people experience, especially during infections. While they are often harmless and temporary, lymph node swelling can sometimes signal a more serious underlying condition. Understanding what swollen lymph nodes mean, what causes them, and when to seek help is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.

What Are Lymph Nodes?

Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that are part of the immune system. They filter harmful substances and contain lymphocytes—white blood cells that help the body fight infection. These nodes are found throughout the body, including in the neck, armpits, chest, abdomen, and groin.

When lymph nodes detect an invader like a virus or bacteria, they trap and destroy it. This immune response can cause the nodes to swell and become tender.

What are Swollen Lymph Nodes

Swollen lymph nodes occur when the nodes become enlarged due to an immune response. This swelling is often a sign that the body is fighting an infection or inflammation. You may notice the swelling as small, tender lumps under the skin.

The most commonly affected area is the swollen lymph nodes in neck, which are frequently associated with upper respiratory infections, sore throats, and dental issues.

Lymph Node Symptoms to Watch For

Here are some common lymph node symptoms that may indicate swelling:

  • Tenderness or pain in the area
  • Visible lumps under the skin
  • Redness or warmth over the node
  • Fatigue or general feeling of being unwell
  • Fever or night sweats (in some cases)

If you experience neck swelling along with these symptoms, it’s important to consider various neck swelling causes, from simple infections to more serious conditions.

Common Causes of Swollen Lymph Nodes

Lymph node swelling has multiple causes, ranging from minor infections to more severe diseases. Below are the most common swollen lymph nodes causes:

1. Infections

Most cases of swollen lymph nodes are caused by infections, including:

  • Viral infections: such as the common cold, influenza, or mononucleosis.
  • Bacterial infections: like strep throat, ear infections, or infected teeth.
  • Skin infections such as cellulitis or abscesses near the lymph node region.

2. Autoimmune Disorders

Conditions like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis can cause lymph node swelling due to the immune system attacking the body’s own tissues.

3. Cancer

Enlarged lymph nodes can sometimes be a symptom of cancers such as Lymphoma, leukemia, or metastasized cancers from other parts of the body.

  • Hodgkin lymphoma: Typically causes painless, swollen lymph nodes, often in the neck.
  • Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: May involve nodes in different areas of the body and present with more systemic symptoms like fever, weight loss, and night sweats.

If the swelling persists for more than two weeks or continues to grow, a more in-depth evaluation is needed.

Neck Swelling Causes: When to Worry?

Swollen lymph nodes in the neck are usually not a cause for alarm. However, certain neck swelling causes may require immediate attention:

  • Persistent swelling without signs of infection
  • Hard, immovable lumps
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Night sweats or persistent fever
  • Difficulty breathing or swallowing

These symptoms may point to serious conditions like Lymphoma or other cancers and should be evaluated by a medical professional.

Diagnosing Swollen Lymph Nodes

A physician will begin by examining the affected area and asking about associated symptoms. Diagnostic methods may include:

  • Physical examination
  • Blood tests to detect infections or immune issues
  • Imaging (ultrasound or CT scan)
  • Biopsy (if cancer is suspected)

If you’re in Bangalore and need expert advice, visit the Best internal medicine physicians in Bangalore at the Best internal medicine hospital in Bangalore. These specialists are trained to diagnose and manage complex symptoms, including persistent lymph node swelling.

Swollen Lymph Nodes Treatment

Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the swelling. Common swollen lymph nodes treatment options include:

1. Treating Infections

  • Antibiotics: If a bacterial infection is identified
  • Antiviral medications: For certain viral infections
  • Home care: Rest, hydration, and warm compresses can relieve discomfort

2. Managing Chronic Conditions

For autoimmune diseases, treatment may involve:

  • Corticosteroids
  • Immunosuppressive drugs

3. Cancer Treatments

If Lymphoma or another cancer is diagnosed, options may include:

  • Chemotherapy
  • Radiation therapy
  • Targeted drug therapy
  • Surgery (in select cases)

Early diagnosis significantly improves the outcome. That’s why it’s important not to ignore prolonged or painful lymph node swelling.

Prevention and Health Tips

While not all causes of swollen lymph nodes are preventable, maintaining overall health can reduce your risk:

  • Stay up to date with vaccinations
  • Practice good hygiene to avoid infections
  • Maintain oral health with regular dental checkups
  • Avoid tobacco and limit alcohol
  • Regular health screenings, especially if you have a family history of cancers

For comprehensive evaluations and ongoing care, consult the Best internal medicine physicians in Bangalore who can guide you through effective prevention strategies and timely interventions.

When to See a Doctor?

You should consult a doctor if:

  • Swelling lasts more than two weeks
  • Nodes feel hard or immovable
  • Swelling is accompanied by high fever or night sweats
  • You have unexplained weight loss or persistent fatigue

At SPARSH Hospital, recognized as the Best internal medicine hospital in Bangalore, our specialists are equipped to handle a wide range of internal conditions, including evaluating causes of swollen lymph nodes and delivering personalized care.

Conclusion

Swollen lymph nodes are often a sign that your immune system is working to protect you. In most cases, they are harmless and resolve on their own. However, persistent or unusual lymph node swelling can signal a more serious issue, including Lymphoma or autoimmune disease.

Understanding lymph nodes symptoms, knowing the common neck swelling causes, and seeking timely swollen lymph nodes treatment can make all the difference. Don’t ignore prolonged symptoms get the right diagnosis from the Best internal medicine physicians in Bangalore and ensure peace of mind through expert care.

Frequently Asked Questions

What causes swollen lymph nodes in the neck?

Common causes include infections like colds or sore throats. However, persistent swelling may indicate more serious conditions like Hodgkin lymphoma or Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

How long do swollen lymph nodes last?

Most resolve within 2-3 weeks. If swelling lasts longer or worsens, seek medical evaluation.

Are swollen lymph nodes always a sign of cancer?

No. Infections are the most common cause. However, persistent, hard, or painless swelling may need to be checked for Lymphoma or other cancers.

Can lymph node swelling be treated at home?

Mild cases due to infection often respond to rest, fluids, and warm compresses. However, any prolonged symptoms should be evaluated by a doctor.


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