Published in : Neurology | May 26, 2025 |
Medically Reviewed
A brain tumour is an abnormal growth of cells in or around the brain that can affect brain function and overall health. Tumours may be non-cancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant), and both types can cause serious problems due to the limited space inside the skull. Recognising early signs of brain tumours and understanding brain tumour causes can help with timely diagnosis and treatment.
A brain tumour develops when cells in the brain grow uncontrollably. These tumours can originate in the brain itself (primary tumours) or spread from cancer elsewhere in the body (secondary or metastatic tumours). Depending on the type and location, tumours may affect thinking, movement, vision, or other body functions.
One of the most aggressive and well-known types is glioblastoma, a fast-growing tumour that affects the brain’s supportive tissue. While it’s serious, early detection and targeted brain tumour treatment can help manage the condition.
The exact causes of brain tumours aren’t fully understood, but certain risk factors have been identified. These include:
Changes in genes can cause cells in the brain to divide uncontrollably, leading to tumour formation. Some people may inherit gene mutations that increase their risk.
Exposure to ionising radiation, such as from radiation therapy or environmental sources, may increase the risk of developing brain tumours.
Although rare, having a family history of brain tumours or genetic conditions like Li-Fraumeni syndrome or neurofibromatosis can raise your risk.
People with weakened immune systems, due to HIV/AIDS or immunosuppressive drugs, are at higher risk of certain types of brain tumours.
Long-term exposure to certain chemicals or industrial environments may contribute to brain tumour development, though this link is still under study.
Leading a brain-healthy lifestyle—regular exercise, a nutritious diet, and minimising exposure to harmful substances—may help reduce risk factors.
Brain tumour symptoms vary depending on the size, type, and location of the tumour. Some tumours grow slowly and may not cause symptoms at first, while others show signs quickly. Common brain tumour symptoms include:
Often persistent and worse in the morning or when lying down. These headaches may feel different from usual and don’t improve with typical medication.
Pressure inside the skull can lead to unexplained nausea or vomiting, especially in the morning.
Blurred or double vision, loss of peripheral vision, or sudden changes in eyesight can signal a tumour near the optic nerves.
Seizuresare a common early sign, especially in people without a prior history. They can range from mild twitching to full-body convulsions.
Confusion, short-term memory loss, and difficulty focusing may occur, particularly in tumours affecting the frontal or temporal lobes.
One-sided weakness or numbness in the arms, legs, or face can indicate a tumour pressing on motor areas of the brain.
Difficulty speaking, finding words, or understanding language may suggest a tumour in the brain’s language centres.
Some brain tumours can lead to irritability, depression, or behavioural changes, especially in tumours near the frontal lobe.
Recognising these signs of brain tumour early can help prompt diagnosis and treatment before the tumour progresses further.
There are over 120 types of brain tumours. Some common examples include:
Brain tumour treatment depends on several factors, including the tumour’s type, size, and location, as well as the patient’s age and overall health. Treatment options may include:
If possible, removing the tumour through surgery is often the first step. Neurosurgeons aim to remove as much of the tumour as safely as possible.
This treatment uses high-energy beams to destroy tumour cells. It’s often used after surgery or when surgery isn’t an option.
Powerful drugs are used to kill cancer cells or stop their growth. It may be combined with radiation or other therapies.
This newer treatment targets specific molecules involved in tumour growth and may be less harmful to healthy cells.
Medications to reduce swelling (steroids), prevent seizures, or manage pain are often part of a comprehensive care plan.
For advanced care, visit the best neurology hospital in Bangalore, where multidisciplinary teams provide personalised treatment strategies and follow-up care.
If you experience symptoms such as frequent headaches, seizures, or sudden changes in vision or behaviour, it’s important to consult a neurologist in Bangalore for a thorough evaluation. Early detection often leads to better treatment outcomes.
A neurologist may recommend imaging tests like MRI or CT scans to determine if a brain tumour is present and guide further steps.
Brain tumours can be life-changing, but early recognition of symptoms and timely treatment can greatly improve outcomes. Knowing the signs of brain tumour—from headaches and vision changes to seizures and mood shifts—can help you or your loved ones seek help early. While the exact brain tumour causes are not always clear, maintaining a healthy brain lifestyle and getting regular check-ups can support long-term wellness.
If you or someone you know is showing symptoms, don’t wait—reach out to the best neurology hospital for expert diagnosis and care.
Common early symptoms include persistent headaches, seizures, memory problems, and vision changes. These symptoms vary based on the tumour’s location and size.
Brain tumour causes may include genetic mutations, radiation exposure, family history, and immune system disorders. However, many tumours arise without a clear cause.
Doctors use imaging tests like MRI or CT scans, followed by a biopsy if needed, to confirm the presence and type of a brain tumour.
Glioblastoma is a fast-growing, aggressive brain tumour. It requires prompt treatment, often involving surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.
Some brain tumours can be cured, especially if they are benign or detected early. Malignant tumours like glioblastoma may not be curable, but can be managed with advanced treatment.
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Categories: Neurology
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