Immunotherapy: Side Effects, Risks & Benefits

Immunotherapy is a revolutionary medical approach that uses the body’s immune system to fight diseases, particularly cancer and autoimmune conditions. It represents a significant shift from traditional treatments by focusing on enhancing or modifying immune responses to target harmful cells. At SPARSH Hospitals, one of the leading oncology and haematology hospitals in Bangalore, immunotherapy is a key part of many personalised treatment plans for patients battling complex conditions.

Whether you are dealing with cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, or other immune-related disorders, understanding what immunotherapy is, along with its benefits, risks, and side effects, can help you make informed decisions about your healthcare.

What is Immunotherapy?

Immunotherapy is a form of treatment that boosts or alters the immune system’s ability to recognise and eliminate disease-causing agents. In cancer care, immunotherapy helps the body detect and destroy cancer cells. In autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or celiac disease, it works to regulate an overactive immune system that mistakenly attacks healthy tissues.

Immunotherapy is now widely used in oncology and haematology. If you’re looking for the best oncologist in Bangalore or the best haematologists in Bangalore, SPARSH Hospitals offers expert care with state-of-the-art immunotherapy options.

Types of Immunotherapy

There are several types of immunotherapy, each designed to treat specific conditions:

Monoclonal Antibodies

Lab-engineered antibodies that target specific proteins on cancer cells.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

These drugs block the “off” signals cancer cells use to hide from the immune system, allowing immune cells to destroy them.

Cancer Vaccines

Help the immune system recognise and attack cancer-related antigens.

Cytokine Therapy

Uses proteins like interleukins and interferons to stimulate immune cells.

T-cell Therapy (CAR-T Therapy)

T-cells are modified in the lab to better recognise and attack cancer cells.

Immunomodulators

These are used in autoimmune diseases to reduce the immune system’s abnormal response, especially in conditions like arthritis and celiac disease.

Benefits of Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy offers a range of benefits, especially when compared to conventional treatments like chemotherapy or long-term use of steroids:

Targeted Treatment

Unlike chemotherapy, immunotherapy focuses on specific cells or pathways, minimising damage to healthy tissue.

Fewer Long-Term Side Effects

Many patients tolerate immunotherapy better than traditional treatments, especially over long periods.

Durable Response

Some cancer patients have shown long-term remission even after immunotherapy has ended.

Effective in Late-Stage Diseases

Immunotherapy has helped manage or even shrink tumours in advanced cancers.

Helps in Autoimmune Regulation

In conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and celiac disease, immunotherapy can significantly reduce inflammation and immune-related damage.

Side Effects of Immunotherapy

While immunotherapy is a powerful tool, it can cause side effects. These occur because activating or suppressing the immune system affects the body in complex ways.

Common side effects of immunotherapy include:

Fatigue

One of the most common symptoms, often mild to moderate.

Fever and Chills

Immune activation can mimic flu-like symptoms.

Skin Reactions

Rashes, itching, or redness, particularly at injection sites or over the body.

Digestive Issues

Nausea, diarrhoea, or abdominal pain may occur, especially in autoimmune-related treatments.

Breathing Problems

In rare cases, inflammation in the lungs can cause shortness of breath or coughing.

Autoimmune-like Reactions

Since the immune system is stimulated, it may mistakenly attack healthy organs, leading to issues such as thyroid problems, liver inflammation, or colitis.

At SPARSH, every immunotherapy treatment is carefully monitored. Patients are supported by a multidisciplinary team to minimise side effects and adjust therapy as needed.

Risks of Immunotherapy

Just like any treatment, immunotherapy carries certain risks. These are typically manageable with the right medical oversight, but it’s important to be aware:

• Overactivation of the Immune System
• This can lead to inflammation in vital organs (heart, lungs, liver).
• Allergic Reactions
• Though rare, some patients may react to components of the therapy.
• Secondary Infections
• In cases where the immune system is suppressed (especially for autoimmune conditions), the body may become more vulnerable to infections.
• Delayed Onset of Action
• Immunotherapy often takes longer to show results compared to traditional treatments, which can be frustrating in aggressive disease cases.

Choosing a top oncology hospital in Bangalore, like SPARSH, ensures these risks are handled with expertise and cutting-edge diagnostic tools.

Conditions Treated with Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is not just for cancer. It is increasingly used in the treatment of:

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Immunomodulatory drugs reduce immune system overactivity and joint inflammation.

Celiac Disease

Research is ongoing, but immunotherapy is showing promise in controlling immune responses to gluten.

Various Cancers

Including lung, melanoma, lymphoma, and bladder cancer, among others.

Blood Disorders

Immunotherapy is a key part of treatment at leading haematology hospitals in Bangalore, such as SPARSH.

Is Immunotherapy Right for You?

The suitability of immunotherapy depends on several factors:

• Type and stage of your disease
• Your immune system’s baseline function
• Existing medical conditions
• Past treatment responses

An expert consultation with a specialist—whether it’s an oncologist or haematologist—can determine the best course of action. SPARSH Hospitals offers comprehensive diagnostics and treatment plans tailored to individual needs.

When to See a Doctor

If you’re facing a diagnosis of cancer, autoimmune disease, or a persistent immune-related issue, speak to a specialist about immunotherapy. Consult a doctor if:

• You experience unexplained fatigue, joint pain, or weight loss.
• Your current treatment isn’t controlling your symptoms.
• You’re interested in new, targeted therapies.
• You want a second opinion from the best haematologists or oncologists in Bangalore.

SPARSH Hospitals provides access to highly experienced specialists and advanced treatment options under one roof.

Conclusion

Conclusion

Immunotherapy is transforming modern medicine. It offers targeted, effective treatment for a range of diseases, including cancer and autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and celiac disease. While it has side effects and risks, these are often manageable with proper care and supervision.

If you’re considering immunotherapy, trust the expertise of SPARSH Hospitals—your trusted haematology and oncology hospital in Bangalore—to guide your journey. With the right approach, immunotherapy can be a game-changer in improving health outcomes and quality of life.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does immunotherapy take to work?

Immunotherapy doesn’t offer immediate results. For some conditions, it can take weeks or even months before noticeable improvements occur. The timeline depends on the type of disease, the form of immunotherapy, and how your immune system responds.

Can immunotherapy be combined with other treatments?

Yes. Immunotherapy is often used alongside chemotherapy, radiation, or targeted therapy in cancer treatment. In autoimmune conditions, it may complement steroids or DMARDs. Combination therapies can improve effectiveness but may also increase side effects.

Is immunotherapy a permanent cure?

Not always. While some patients achieve long-term remission, others may need ongoing treatment or experience a return of symptoms. Immunotherapy is highly effective in certain cases but is not guaranteed to be a cure.

What makes someone a good candidate for immunotherapy?

Patients who have specific immune markers, genetic traits, or types of cancer (like melanoma, lung cancer, or lymphoma) often respond better. Doctors may perform biomarker testing or assess medical history to determine eligibility.

Are there dietary or lifestyle changes needed during immunotherapy?

While no strict diet is required, maintaining good nutrition, staying hydrated, managing stress, and avoiding infections can help support your immune system during treatment. Your doctor may recommend specific adjustments based on your condition.